All honey sold in the market, especially in some hawkers selling bulk honey door,Alexander McQueen Boots some honey mixed with a fake. Adulterated main mix sugar, water and starch, and some honey also contains impurities, texture impure. Once you have some method of identifying adulterated honey can be read out.
1, the honey drops in white, if penetration honey Cheap Christian Louboutin Boots gradually opened, indicating mixed with sugar and water. Honey mixed with sugar and transparency and are not clear, and was muddy-like, flower fragrance were poor. Mix brown sugar, honey color was deep; mix plain white sugar for honey color.
2, mixed with flour, starch or corn flour honey, more turbid color, taste sweet enough. A small amount of honey into the cup, add water to boil, and after cooling drip a few drops of wine shake, if the solution turned blue or red, purple, indicating honey mixed with starch material.
3, with red-hot wire into honey, if the wire attached to the sticky material, indicating impurities in honey. If the wire is still very smooth on the instructions of impurities.
4, take a point of honey, adding the two points of cold water and a quarter of 95% ethanol, placed one after mixing day and night, without impurities precipitate, indicating pure quality.
5, using chopsticks to stir up growth of honey Alexander McQueen Boots to pull wire and wire break automatically retract spherical for the top grade.
2010年8月6日星期五
Global Science: remote control robot war in the future will be more intelligent
The early 70s of the 20th century, Alexander McQueen shoes some American scientists, engineers, contractors and the Air Force Department of Defense officials, formed a professional body, trying to solve this problem: how to build without artificial manipulation of the machine will be able to act independently, and to the public and the machine human technology reluctant Pentagon (U.S. Department of Defense) level believe that the use of robots in the battlefield is a good idea. For decades, they are quietly gathering every year once or twice to discuss technical issues, exchange gossip. The once cautious group called "No system of the International Association" (Association for Unmanned Systems International), members of more than 1 500 delegates from 55 countries of the body. In fact, the rate of expansion is too fast, it is even a little puzzled their hats. In the San Diego meeting, the agency even hired a "hype master" to help it introduce robot technology brought about tremendous change. One participant put these changes into this concentration a few words: "We come from? Now? Going? They wish to go?"
More and more robots in the battlefield, amazing growth. The emergence of the robot, called from the gunpowder, aircraft since the advent of modern war, the most profound changes occurring in one, it is this change, prompted the International Association of unmanned systems into introspection. During the 2003 Iraq war, there is not a robot with the U.S. advance to Baghdad from Kuwait. Since US-Iraq war, there are 7,000-plus UAVs and the ground more than 12 000 devices, such as in the U.S. military commitment to the search for snipers, the bombing of al-Qaeda hideouts and other senior officials of the task. U.S. forces once the robot arm's length, that it incompatible with their traditional battle. However, in the face from time to time remote-controlled bomb detonated using a mobile phone, and then mixed with a group of people to escape this war is not the enemy of common sense, the U.S. military also began to advocate the use of robots to track and kill the enemy. The robot not only how to fight this new kind of war have a significant impact, but also sparked a heated debate: using self-growing capability of the machine to Daji human goal, what is what will be consequences. Let the soldiers hiding in a safe place, would definitely reduce the expense, but heavy use of robots also makes some political, legal and ethical issues surface, this war-related fundamental nature of those technologies would unintentionally make people launch the Iraq war.
Czech writer 卡雷尔恰佩 grams (Carel Capek) in a 1921 science fiction work, "Rosam robot universal company" (RUR) in the first of the "robot" (robot) the term used to refer to rebels who ultimately up machines servant. It is from the Czech said, "slavery" in the ancient Slavic word and said, "slaves" of the word derived from, and "robotnik" (refer to the seventeenth century's rise up the farmers) are closely linked. This allow the robot to take the family on that we do not want to cause the machine control of the world but ultimately the plot, has become the subject of science fiction blockbuster, has been extended to today's "Terminator" and "Matrix".
Today's robot expert use of the "no" or "remote control" and other descriptors, in order to avoid the work habits of the Hollywood machine that people imagined the human world of this appalling prospect of subversion. In simplest terms, the robot is by "feeling - thinking - action" mode of operation of the machines. Robot equipped with sensors to collect information around, and then forwarded to the processor, the data collected may use the data will be given decision-making artificial intelligence software. Finally, the mechanical system based on the above information on the surrounding environment to take some action. Robot does not like Hollywood movies in general non-metal armor as the hero, who almost look like. Practical action to implement these machine systems, significant differences between the size, shape varied, with the sci-fi films of C-3PO and the Terminator is far from the image.
Over the past decade, relying on global positioning system (GPS), video game-style remote control systems and other technology, robots on the battlefield not only useful and easy to use. Since the 9.11 terrorist attacks, enhance the robot in a hostile environment surveillance, targeted, the ability to attack and prevent the operator in danger, it becomes a key development areas. And each of these systems on the battlefield for a new use case has successfully created a more extensive response. In 2001, the beginning of the Afghan campaign, a now widely used for reconnaissance and bomb disposal "Pakebote" (PackBot) prototype will be sent to the battlefield. The soldiers like this robot a very, very, reluctant to put it to the manufacturer, iRobot, the company has since sold thousands of "Pakebote." Similarly, another robotics company executives said that in 9.11, before selling him to the U.S. Department of Defense has no effect, while 9 of 11, the Defense Department to inform him: "We are producing these robots as soon as possible."
With the conduct of the war in Iraq, it is clear that more and more the military to accept military robots. In 2003, U.S. forces first entered Iraq, the ground forces do not use any unmanned system. The end of 2004, the number of robots has increased to about 150 after a year is to reach 2 400, now more than 12 000 units. Air weapons are also similar trends. The war in Iraq began, U.S. troops in Iraq only a few aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicles, unmanned air vehicles now number more than 7 000. This is just the beginning. According to the U.S. Air Force Lieutenant General, a prediction that when the next large-scale U.S. involvement in the conflict, the input of the robot will not be thousands of units currently used on the battlefield, but "tens of thousands of Taiwan" as much.
These rough statistics revealed a major shift in attitude of the U.S. military. Just a few years ago, the military also robots nose, they should adhere to the Warriors in the vanguard of this ancient tradition of the battlefield. Now the United States armed forces in the recruitment of young people, joined the army, have used the robot hype of TV ads, such as an advertisement on the claim that the Navy's "front line every day in order to achieve unmanned efforts."
If these young people as a soldier, contact automation system will become an indispensable part of military career. They will be with the latest virtual training software to learn the operation of a weapons system. After receiving training, they may be responsible for operating a lawn mower-sized "Pakebote", or operating a "paws" (TALON) ground robot to carry weapons or peering Peak, to search for the terrorist in Iraq or Afghanistan molecules.
If they went to the Navy, then it is possible Aegis (Aegis-class) destroyers Littoral combat ship, or service. These ships can be seen as a large number of weapons systems carrier, from the "Fire Scout" (Fire Scout) helicopter to the "protectors" (Protector) robot guard boats, etc.; if spent his military career in submarines, it may be to control, such as REMUS (Remote Environmental Monitoring Units, which stands for remote environmental monitoring unit, which is the first Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, a torpedo-shaped robot submarine) ships like the unmanned underwater to detect enemy mine or surveillance coastline. And if they become pilots, it is possible in the United States, but "driving" the "Predator" (Predator) or "Global Hawk" (Global Hawk)-type unmanned aircraft hovering over Central Asia.
Tomorrow's war robot
The military has the robot as an important component of the armed forces, and future robots will be more intelligent.
Although the "look a bit like science fiction," but recruitment advertising has been to portray this type of technology an integral element of the armed forces. They are just the first generation of products in the future there will be more robots come to the fore. In other words, today is used to detect roadside bombs, "Pakebote", and over Afghanistan, "Predator" were equivalent to the Ford Model T (the early era of the classic car products) and the Wright brothers in "The Aviator" aircraft . Next-generation product prototype robot will be revealed changes in three key areas of human warfare.
People are used to the robot just as "unmanned systems", that is the same as with other machines, but the operator does not live it. But this view has gradually disappeared. The development of the robot reproduces the automotive industry's trajectory: the first car but the people that "there is no horse carriage," but designers to create a new look and size, and resolved the previous view; abandon prejudice against robots, will lead to more extensive modeling robots. As expected, some robots have been developed to get inspiration from biology. Boston Dynamics Engineering Corporation (Boston Dynamics) "Big Dog" (BigDog) is used to move equipment, metal four-legged robot. There are robots of mixed types, such as Naval Postgraduate School (Naval Postgraduate School) reconnaissance robot developed by both wings have legs. But in the early development of some systems not to have any shape. University of Chicago and iRobot partner of "chemical robots" (ChemBot) is the shape of a group at any time can change things this way, it can be squeezed from the hole in the wall in the past.
Since no one inside, the size of the robot on the same restrictions. Micro-robot can be as small as only a few millimeters, weighs only a few grams. The United States produced a robot AeroVironment, similar to the size of hummingbirds, but also the same as the hummingbird hovering above the target, can be used to street fighting in the city to perform reconnaissance missions. The next frontier is the nanometer (10-9 meters) level of the robot. Some scientists think that after decades of such robots will become widespread. Such robots in war can play a variety of roles, from reconnaissance to use "smart dust" (smart dust) to be able to enter the body repair wounds, in turn, can come up with wounds in the body cells of class robot . Of course, the size of the robot can tend to the other extreme. Since the human body does not need to consider the conditions, then could be produced such as the U.S. Lockheed Martin Corporation (Lockheed Martin) of "high altitude airships" (High Altitude Airship) level monster like no one device. This monster can carry a football field long radar in 19 altitude of 800 meters more than a month of continuous flight. In addition to size and shape of the robot in the war role of the second key change is more and more widely. Early in World War I with "aircraft" similar to the robot is only the beginning for observation and reconnaissance, and now will have to take a variety of new tasks. "Paws" manufacturers QinetiQ North America in 2007, introduced MAARS (meaning "Modular Advanced Armed Robot") robot, equipped with machine guns and grenade launchers, and sniper can perform tasks such as sentry. U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command) developed a "robot withdrawal car" (Robotic Extraction Vehicle) and other medical care robot, you can drag the wounded soldiers and provide a safe place care.
The third key change is an increasingly intelligent and autonomous robots. Enhance the computing power of chips irresistible, the soldiers have just joined the army, they saw the robot in the ex-configured computer, the computer may be computing power than now over 10 million times. The army during World War II, B-17 and B-24 bombers and other differences between different which is not more intelligent, but today's weapons systems just need the distinction. "Predator" series UAV was originally operated entirely by remote control, now capable of independent movements and track 12 targets simultaneously; target recognition software can even find traces of the starting point under the footprints. Moreover, the U.S. military has been planning to replace them with newer products until after 1995, the deployment of the UAV.
Robot intelligence and autonomy made the rapid growth of a deeper problem, namely, the task for which to send robots to do it. In this decision-making when appropriate, should not only consider the efficiency of robots on the battlefield level, Huan must be considered the responsibility shift is the impact of the Force Commander and the relevant robot acts of political, ethical and legal responsibility. Robots in the short term the most likely to "warrior partner" status there, that is mixed into a human soldier and robot team coordination. Human soldiers assigned to the tactical command robot companions, and so they have sufficient autonomy to respond to volatile environment.
The early 70s of the 20th century, Alexander McQueen shoes some American scientists, engineers, contractors and the Air Force Department of Defense officials, formed a professional body, trying to solve this problem: how to build without artificial manipulation of the machine will be able to act independently, and to the public and the machine human technology reluctant Pentagon (U.S. Department of Defense) level believe that the use of robots in the battlefield is a good idea. For decades, they are quietly gathering every year once or twice to discuss technical issues, exchange gossip. The once cautious group called "No system of the International Association" (Association for Unmanned Systems International), members of more than 1 500 delegates from 55 countries of the body. In fact, the rate of expansion is too fast, it is even a little puzzled their hats. In the San Diego meeting, the agency even hired a "hype master" to help it introduce robot technology brought about tremendous change. One participant put these changes into this concentration a few words: "We come from? Now? Going? They wish to go?"
More and more robots in the battlefield, amazing growth. The emergence of the robot, called from the gunpowder, aircraft since the advent of modern war, the most profound changes occurring in one, it is this change, prompted the International Association of unmanned systems into introspection. During the 2003 Iraq war, there is not a robot with the U.S. advance to Baghdad from Kuwait. Since US-Iraq war, there are 7,000-plus UAVs and the ground more than 12 000 devices, such as in the U.S. military commitment to the search for snipers, the bombing of al-Qaeda hideouts and other senior officials of the task. U.S. forces once the robot arm's length, that it incompatible with their traditional battle. However, in the face from time to time remote-controlled bomb detonated using a mobile phone, and then mixed with a group of people to escape this war is not the enemy of common sense, the U.S. military also began to advocate the use of robots to track and kill the enemy. The robot not only how to fight this new kind of war have a significant impact, but also sparked a heated debate: using self-growing capability of the machine to Daji human goal, what is what will be consequences. Let the soldiers hiding in a safe place, would definitely reduce the expense, but heavy use of robots also makes some political, legal and ethical issues surface, this war-related fundamental nature of those technologies would unintentionally make people launch the Iraq war.
Czech writer 卡雷尔恰佩 grams (Carel Capek) in a 1921 science fiction work, "Rosam robot universal company" (RUR) in the first of the "robot" (robot) the term used to refer to rebels who ultimately up machines servant. It is from the Czech said, "slavery" in the ancient Slavic word and said, "slaves" of the word derived from, and "robotnik" (refer to the seventeenth century's rise up the farmers) are closely linked. This allow the robot to take the family on that we do not want to cause the machine control of the world but ultimately the plot, has become the subject of science fiction blockbuster, has been extended to today's "Terminator" and "Matrix".
Today's robot expert use of the "no" or "remote control" and other descriptors, in order to avoid the work habits of the Hollywood machine that people imagined the human world of this appalling prospect of subversion. In simplest terms, the robot is by "feeling - thinking - action" mode of operation of the machines. Robot equipped with sensors to collect information around, and then forwarded to the processor, the data collected may use the data will be given decision-making artificial intelligence software. Finally, the mechanical system based on the above information on the surrounding environment to take some action. Robot does not like Hollywood movies in general non-metal armor as the hero, who almost look like. Practical action to implement these machine systems, significant differences between the size, shape varied, with the sci-fi films of C-3PO and the Terminator is far from the image.
Over the past decade, relying on global positioning system (GPS), video game-style remote control systems and other technology, robots on the battlefield not only useful and easy to use. Since the 9.11 terrorist attacks, enhance the robot in a hostile environment surveillance, targeted, the ability to attack and prevent the operator in danger, it becomes a key development areas. And each of these systems on the battlefield for a new use case has successfully created a more extensive response. In 2001, the beginning of the Afghan campaign, a now widely used for reconnaissance and bomb disposal "Pakebote" (PackBot) prototype will be sent to the battlefield. The soldiers like this robot a very, very, reluctant to put it to the manufacturer, iRobot, the company has since sold thousands of "Pakebote." Similarly, another robotics company executives said that in 9.11, before selling him to the U.S. Department of Defense has no effect, while 9 of 11, the Defense Department to inform him: "We are producing these robots as soon as possible."
With the conduct of the war in Iraq, it is clear that more and more the military to accept military robots. In 2003, U.S. forces first entered Iraq, the ground forces do not use any unmanned system. The end of 2004, the number of robots has increased to about 150 after a year is to reach 2 400, now more than 12 000 units. Air weapons are also similar trends. The war in Iraq began, U.S. troops in Iraq only a few aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicles, unmanned air vehicles now number more than 7 000. This is just the beginning. According to the U.S. Air Force Lieutenant General, a prediction that when the next large-scale U.S. involvement in the conflict, the input of the robot will not be thousands of units currently used on the battlefield, but "tens of thousands of Taiwan" as much.
These rough statistics revealed a major shift in attitude of the U.S. military. Just a few years ago, the military also robots nose, they should adhere to the Warriors in the vanguard of this ancient tradition of the battlefield. Now the United States armed forces in the recruitment of young people, joined the army, have used the robot hype of TV ads, such as an advertisement on the claim that the Navy's "front line every day in order to achieve unmanned efforts."
If these young people as a soldier, contact automation system will become an indispensable part of military career. They will be with the latest virtual training software to learn the operation of a weapons system. After receiving training, they may be responsible for operating a lawn mower-sized "Pakebote", or operating a "paws" (TALON) ground robot to carry weapons or peering Peak, to search for the terrorist in Iraq or Afghanistan molecules.
If they went to the Navy, then it is possible Aegis (Aegis-class) destroyers Littoral combat ship, or service. These ships can be seen as a large number of weapons systems carrier, from the "Fire Scout" (Fire Scout) helicopter to the "protectors" (Protector) robot guard boats, etc.; if spent his military career in submarines, it may be to control, such as REMUS (Remote Environmental Monitoring Units, which stands for remote environmental monitoring unit, which is the first Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, a torpedo-shaped robot submarine) ships like the unmanned underwater to detect enemy mine or surveillance coastline. And if they become pilots, it is possible in the United States, but "driving" the "Predator" (Predator) or "Global Hawk" (Global Hawk)-type unmanned aircraft hovering over Central Asia.
Tomorrow's war robot
The military has the robot as an important component of the armed forces, and future robots will be more intelligent.
Although the "look a bit like science fiction," but recruitment advertising has been to portray this type of technology an integral element of the armed forces. They are just the first generation of products in the future there will be more robots come to the fore. In other words, today is used to detect roadside bombs, "Pakebote", and over Afghanistan, "Predator" were equivalent to the Ford Model T (the early era of the classic car products) and the Wright brothers in "The Aviator" aircraft . Next-generation product prototype robot will be revealed changes in three key areas of human warfare.
People are used to the robot just as "unmanned systems", that is the same as with other machines, but the operator does not live it. But this view has gradually disappeared. The development of the robot reproduces the automotive industry's trajectory: the first car but the people that "there is no horse carriage," but designers to create a new look and size, and resolved the previous view; abandon prejudice against robots, will lead to more extensive modeling robots. As expected, some robots have been developed to get inspiration from biology. Boston Dynamics Engineering Corporation (Boston Dynamics) "Big Dog" (BigDog) is used to move equipment, metal four-legged robot. There are robots of mixed types, such as Naval Postgraduate School (Naval Postgraduate School) reconnaissance robot developed by both wings have legs. But in the early development of some systems not to have any shape. University of Chicago and iRobot partner of "chemical robots" (ChemBot) is the shape of a group at any time can change things this way, it can be squeezed from the hole in the wall in the past.
Since no one inside, the size of the robot on the same restrictions. Micro-robot can be as small as only a few millimeters, weighs only a few grams. The United States produced a robot AeroVironment, similar to the size of hummingbirds, but also the same as the hummingbird hovering above the target, can be used to street fighting in the city to perform reconnaissance missions. The next frontier is the nanometer (10-9 meters) level of the robot. Some scientists think that after decades of such robots will become widespread. Such robots in war can play a variety of roles, from reconnaissance to use "smart dust" (smart dust) to be able to enter the body repair wounds, in turn, can come up with wounds in the body cells of class robot . Of course, the size of the robot can tend to the other extreme. Since the human body does not need to consider the conditions, then could be produced such as the U.S. Lockheed Martin Corporation (Lockheed Martin) of "high altitude airships" (High Altitude Airship) level monster like no one device. This monster can carry a football field long radar in 19 altitude of 800 meters more than a month of continuous flight. In addition to size and shape of the robot in the war role of the second key change is more and more widely. Early in World War I with "aircraft" similar to the robot is only the beginning for observation and reconnaissance, and now will have to take a variety of new tasks. "Paws" manufacturers QinetiQ North America in 2007, introduced MAARS (meaning "Modular Advanced Armed Robot") robot, equipped with machine guns and grenade launchers, and sniper can perform tasks such as sentry. U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command) developed a "robot withdrawal car" (Robotic Extraction Vehicle) and other medical care robot, you can drag the wounded soldiers and provide a safe place care.
The third key change is an increasingly intelligent and autonomous robots. Enhance the computing power of chips irresistible, the soldiers have just joined the army, they saw the robot in the ex-configured computer, the computer may be computing power than now over 10 million times. The army during World War II, B-17 and B-24 bombers and other differences between different which is not more intelligent, but today's weapons systems just need the distinction. "Predator" series UAV was originally operated entirely by remote control, now capable of independent movements and track 12 targets simultaneously; target recognition software can even find traces of the starting point under the footprints. Moreover, the U.S. military has been planning to replace them with newer products until after 1995, the deployment of the UAV.
Robot intelligence and autonomy made the rapid growth of a deeper problem, namely, the task for which to send robots to do it. In this decision-making when appropriate, should not only consider the efficiency of robots on the battlefield level, Huan must be considered the responsibility shift is the impact of the Force Commander and the relevant robot acts of political, ethical and legal responsibility. Robots in the short term the most likely to "warrior partner" status there, that is mixed into a human soldier and robot team coordination. Human soldiers assigned to the tactical command robot companions, and so they have sufficient autonomy to respond to volatile environment.
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